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A survey nowadays shows that the dry eyes disease has significantly increased over the past ten years and the average age of sufferers, as well, rises at a high speed in American. Most people ignore this kind of disease, even regard it not an actual disease. However, discomforts can gradually change the physical structure and physiological function of eyes or maybe finally damage them.
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Two main factors contribute to the dry eyes, the declined volume and low quality of tear. Tears consist of water, mucin and enzymes and each of which holds a crucial responsibility for protecting eyes from drying. Mucin plays a role in maintaining a persistent of tears in the cornea interface. Enzymes help to eliminate oil produced by eyes so that bacteria, which lead to serious inflammation called Blepharitis, can't reproduce on the eyelid margins. Water is the media of mucin and enzymes. Hence any part of the tear missing, properties being transformed or quantity declining will result in dry eyes.
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Great majorities are familiar with the symptoms of dry eyes such as sandy, burning, irritated or foreign body sensation, as all these are not distinctive from other eye diseases. A more severe symptom is the vision decline which is caused by a milky haze covering the surface of cornea. The haze increases the chance of the bacteria growth, which aggravates dry eyes. As the disease of dry eyes continues, scar may appear due to the alternation of the corneal tissue, or more seriously eyes may be blind. Since the outcome of dry eyes is awful, some measures should be taken to block the promotion of eyes damage.
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Traditional treatments are existed in the market for a long time. However, each treatment has its own limitation. Artificial tears are introduced firstly leaving many problems unsettled up till now. The following therapy is the combination of the steroid eye drops, lubricating drop and Restasis eye drops which must be persistently used for months and therefore the cost is very high, not to mention the ineffectiveness to some of the patients.
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When people are searching for a more effective treatment for dry eyes, an occasional discovery makes a new therapy possible. A small opening in the inner corner of the eye lid is found. These small openings,also called Puncta, are responsible for transferring the tears from eyes to the nose via ducts. Accidentally, the tears are found overflow when the ducts are blocked. This phenomenon stimulates the inspiration for treating the dry eyes. If something is put in the ducts of the lacrimal gland, the ducts will be clogged and tears are prevented flowing away from eyes, then dry eyes can be cured. Following this theory, Punctal Plugs, which are made of cylindrical materials, are devised to put into practice. Two types of Punctal Plugs are available at present. The first one is made of collagen, which is temporary as it will dissolve in 2 or 3 months. People are able to choose not to reinsert when lacrimal gland produce sufficient tears after the Punctal Plug dissolves and run out of the risk of infection and tissue alternation. The other one is permanent as the material is a kind of silicone which never disappears unless moved. The function is the same as the temporary type, but the chance of infection increases. Therefore, when a problem comes out, the Punctal Plug should be moved away immediately. Anyhow, Punctal Plugs do help patients profoundly reduce the uncomfortableness caused by the dry eyes.
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