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Aplastic anemia is a rare condition, although it still affect around 500 to 1,000 individuals every year in the United States alone. The effectivity of the treatments will depend on the time when the diagnosis was made, and seriousness of the patient's condition.
This disease is a distinctive affliction that may have drastic effects in the body's blood cells and bone marrow. When an individual is diagnosed and is required to undergo treatment, this means that the body has ceased in the production of adequate amounts of platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells - which are all needed for the body to continue its proper overall functioning. In these instances, the cells produced by the bone marrow are still in normal condition, however their amounts are not adequate for healthy bodily processes.
Aplastic Anemia Causes
Cases can range from moderate, severe to the very complicated or severe. When an individual is diagnosed with a very severe form, there is a higher risk of uncontrollable hemorrhaging and life - threatening complications.
Aplastic anemia can attack an individual regardless of age; for still unknown reasons, it affects more individuals in Asian countries compared to any other country in the world. This disease attacks the bone marrow, which is the reason why it has such a negative impact on the body as a whole. The bone marrow is responsible for the proper maintenance of every single blood cell in the body, with each blood cell type having its own unique responsibility in the body, which are as follows:
Platelets assist in controlling bleeding.
White blood cells assist in fighting infection
Red blood cells carry oxygen to different parts of the body
As the lifespan of each blood cell consists of only a few hours, the body needs a continuous supply of new cells to be able to carry out normal bodily functions properly. Most cases leave doctors unsure as to their causes, however roughly 20% of the cases result from an individual's exposure to toxic chemicals, such as benzene.
Treatment Options
A number of treatment options are available for aplastic anemia patients, depending on the seriousness of the illness by the time it is diagnosed; there are even cases when treatment will not be necessary. In the mentioned cases, the patient will just need to have regular blood count monitoring, to make sure that the illness does not have the chance to develop into something more severe.
Patients with severe cases have the following treatment options to consider:
Immunosuppresive therapy - the immune system is suppressed through the use of specific medications
Supportive care to ensure that the patient is kept stable during the waiting time in between treatments
Blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants
For patients who are 20 years old and below, the best treatment options to be considered are blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants. This treatment option is also the most effective one for those patients who have siblings who will act as donors, or if their donors have an exact blood and bone marrow matching theirs.
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